Fourth-generation computers, emerging in the late 1970s and early 1980s, marked another significant leap in computing technology. Here’s an overview of their defining features:

Key Features

Microprocessors The defining characteristic of fourth-generation computers is the use of microprocessors. These are single integrated circuits containing the entire CPU, which dramatically reduced the size and cost of computers while increasing their power and efficiency.

Personal Computers (PCs) The advent of microprocessors led to the development of personal computers, making computing accessible to individuals and small businesses. Notable examples include the Apple II and IBM PC.

Increased Performance Microprocessors provided higher processing power and speed compared to earlier systems, leading to faster computing and the ability to handle more complex tasks.

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) The introduction of GUIs made computers more user-friendly by allowing users to interact with their systems through visual elements like windows, icons, and menus.

Software Development This era saw the rise of sophisticated software applications, including office suites, database management systems, and early video games.

Networking and Communication Improved networking technologies and protocols emerged, laying the groundwork for the expansion of local area networks (LANs) and the early stages of the internet.

Examples

Intel 4004 The first commercially available microprocessor, introduced in 1971, which powered early microcomputers.

Apple II One of the first successful personal computers with a color display and a floppy disk drive.

IBM PC (Model 5150) Introduced in 1981, it set standards for PC architecture and became widely adopted in both business and personal environments.

Commodore 64 Known for its affordability and extensive software library, it became one of the best-selling personal computers of its time.

The fourth generation of computers significantly transformed the computing landscape, making technology more accessible and setting the stage for the modern computing era.